33 Keys to Understanding the Korean Wave  #19 From Ungnyeo to Haenyeo 

#19 Goddesses in Every Korean Woman 

*Note to Readers

The columns published in the Zoom section of NYCultureBeat contain selected excerpts—typically the opening paragraphs—from each chapter of the book 33 Keys to Understanding the Korean Wave: Beyond BTS, Parasite, and Squid Game (2025). These previews are meant to introduce the book’s themes and tone.

The complete book—featuring 33 updated chapters and new cultural insights—is available in both paperback and hardcover editions:

Paperback: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F7HYLVCL

Hardcover: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F7HZ34Y3

© Sukie Park. All rights reserved. These excerpts are for preview purposes only and may not be reproduced in full or redistributed.

Claude Monet, Woman with a Parasol,1886. Musée d'Orsay, Paris/ Elizabeth Keith, A Hamheung Housewife, 1921/ Park Soo Keun, The Woman Who Crushes, 1954

From Myth to Legacy: The Archetypes of Korean Women

Despite the lingering influence of patriarchal values in Korean society, women have demonstrated remarkable strength and resilience, drawing inspiration from the many female role models throughout their history.

Just as Egypt had powerful queens like Hatshepsut and Cleopatra, Korea’s Silla dynasty was marked by the leadership of Queens Seondeok, Jindeok, and Jinseong. Historical figures such as Jeanne d’Arc in France and Yu Gwan-sun in Korea have also left indelible marks. Even during the Imjin War, the gisaeng Non’gae, despite her low status, courageously sacrificed herself, becoming a symbol of heroism. Similarly, Myeongwol Hwang Jini, a celebrated gisaeng, musician, and artist, left a lasting legacy. Meanwhile, the Haenyeo, the female divers of Jeju Island, have fascinated feminists around the world with their strength and independence.

In addition to these figures, the influence of mothers on prominent scholars like Yi Yi of the Joseon dynasty is notable. Yi I’s mother, Shin Saimdang, was not only a Confucian scholar but also an accomplished painter. Similarly, the renowned calligrapher Han Seok-bong was guided by his mother, Baek Indang, a rice-cake vendor who dedicated her life to her son’s success. Shin Saimdang’s legacy was honored when she became the face of the 50,000 won bill in 2007 (approximately $40), a significant recognition in a country where no women have yet appeared on U.S. paper currency.

With her brother on her back a war weary Korean girl tiredly trudges by a stalled M-26 tank, at Haengju, Korea., 1951.  Archives Library Information Center, USA

Jeju Haenyeos (UNESCO)/ The Haenyeos' Songbook "Iyeo Iyeo Iyeodo Sana" Published by Haenyeo Museum.

19. Goddesses in Every Korean Woman  276

The Archetypes of Korean Women   276

Ungnyeo: Endurance and Determination    277

“Queen’s Era” in Silla: Leadership and Vision    279

Patriotism and Sacrifice: Women of Resistance     281

Wisdom and Discipline: Korea’s Maternal Legacy   283

Jeju Haenyeo: Resilience and Independence   286

Silent Anchors of Korean Women   287